The green curtain

The woods around the mountain have closed the green curtain. Just a few weeks ago the view into the forest from Fouche Gap Road was open. Now the trees have leafed out and all that’s visible is succeeding planes of green. I suppose the view is somewhat more open if you walk into the woods, but every plant is greedy for sunlight, so they wall in the open road with leaves.

Every level of the forest is green, from the ground up. The upper levels and the understory trees are green. The muscadine vines are green. Even the beds of poison ivy are so lush and that they look almost inviting.

This is the view from Fouche Gap Road back in December. It wasn’t so very different a few weeks ago.

open forest

This is a view from almost the same place taken Friday. It’s a view looking up the mountain. This particular location doesn’t have as much lower growth, so the view is less obstructed.

green closed

The leaves are so new some trees haven’t quite finished filling them out. The maples seem to be behind the oaks, with the hickories somewhere in between. But even the oak leaves are still soft. I cut a couple of chestnut oaks close to the house and within a half an hour the leaves had wilted like frozen lettuce.

Walking down the mountain in the cool of the morning with the birds singing somewhere out of sight is uplifting. It’s easy to understand why humans associate spring with rebirth.

 

The dogwoods are in bloom

Dogwoods are one of my favorite trees, and certainly my favorite of the understory trees. Every spring I’m almost surprised to see how many there are in the woods on the mountain. They aren’t nearly as noticeable after they bloom, and they’re almost invisible after the hardwoods leaf out.

I love to walk down Fouche Gap Road when the dogwoods are in bloom. To me, the white cloud-like puffs of blooms in the distance mean winter is really over.

We have several natives on our property, plus several we have planted or transplanted. This native dogwood has bloomed profusely in the past, but in the last few years it hasn’t done so much. This year is a pretty good year, although I expected even more. It’s visible from our kitchen.

whitedogwood

We planted a white dogwood and a pink dogwood at the same time shortly after we moved in. Contrary to my expectations, the pink dogwood has done much better than the white one. This year it produced a decent bloom, but it still looks kind of sparse from a distance. It’s right at the end of our driveway.

pinkdogwood

Up close, the blooms are very nice.

pinkdogwoodblooms

There are several volunteers not far from the big white dogwood. If they all survive long enough, that part of the property is going to be a pretty sight in the spring.

Expedition to a longleaf

Up until a couple of weeks ago I was not sure that we actually had a mature longleaf pine on our property. That sounds ridiculous when you realize that our two lots are less than four acres. But I plead extenuating circumstances.

Most of our property is thickly wooded. A large portion is covered by a thick growth of fairly young pines. In some areas I almost have to take an axe to cut off dead limbs in order to get through, and dead pines are always under foot or leaning at a crazy angle blocking the way.

It's hard to get around out there

It’s hard to get around out there

A few years ago I took all day to cut a path along the back property line. There was a survey marker near Wildlife Trail and I knew the right heading to get to the interior corner. Unfortunately, the sight line was only a few feet. I started at the marker and tied a ribbon to a tree on the right heading. Then I had to cut trees in what I thought was the right direction. I sighted down the preceding ribbons and then tied a new ribbon on a tree that lined up. Then I did it again. I was surprised that I actually managed to take a nearly straight path to a survey marker, and I was surprised to find that there was actually a marker there.

Here it is. A neighbor had another survey since I originally found the marker.

Here it is. A neighbor had another survey since I originally found the marker.

I found a couple of longleaf pines just on the other side of the line, but none on our property.

A couple of weeks ago I decided to cut through the woods from the back of the house to see if I could find the marker again. It was not easy. I have mentioned that there have been at least two and possibly three significant events on the mountain that affected the forest. The first that I know of was Hurricane Andrew in 1992. That storm clipped northwest Georgia and blew down trees here and there all over the mountain. There are places where large trees fell into a criss-cross pattern that is virtually impossible to cross. I think a lot of the smaller downed trees on our property were victims of Andrew.

A second event was a fire. I can’t tell when that happened, but there is evidence everywhere around the property. Many of the larger pines have blackened bark on the lower part of their trunks. I also found a layer of ash buried anywhere from a few inches to a foot or more below the current surface. The buried ash layer indicates a possible third event in which most of the topsoil in the upper part of the lot was pushed partway down the slope. It’s possible that’s a result of firefighting.

Whatever the cause, most of the trees on the upper part of the property are young. You can tell the younger trees from the older trees by the difference in texture in this Google Earth image on our property. The young, thick growth of trees looks smooth compared to the older trees. Our house is in the center of this image. The yellow angle brackets point at utility poles at the property boundary. I can’t tell where the back corner is.

our property

So I started out, aiming roughly at the back corner. I made my way through the woods, constantly straining to look up through the foliage. I think it’s possible to identify a longleaf pine by its bark, but I can’t do it. The only way I can tell one from a loblolly or a shortleaf pine (I think most of the shortleaf pines on Lavender Mountain are Virginia pines) is by seeing the needles.

I was happy to  find a longleaf pine that was definitely inside our property lines. It’s not easy to tell in this image, but the pine in the center is a longleaf.

thebiglongleaf

There are bigger longleaf pines nearby, but this one is fairly big.

handonpine

There is another candidate that can just be seen from Wildlife Trail on the lower part of the property. I’m not certain of this one, but I’m pretty sure. The main reason I haven’t settled this one is that I can just barely see the top of the tree from the street. The top of the tree is much harder to see from close to the base.

Meanwhile, back in the civilized part of our property, the little transplanted longleaf seems to be doing pretty well, aside from some dying off of a few needles on one part of the tree.

littlelongleaf

At first I thought this was the result of a natural process, but then I realized that the tree had become a regular rest stop for Zeke on his walks around the house. Once I realized what was happening, I closed that rest stop. Zeke can pee pretty much anywhere else, but not there.

So now we know that there is one bottlebrush longleaf that I planted, and one mature longleaf on our property. That makes me happy. I need to positively identify the other candidate, and then I’ll be pretty sure about our own longleaf pine population.

The cold and the deer

When I was a little boy, there was a gardenia right outside our kitchen window. Since we didn’t have air conditioning, in warm weather we opened the window while we ate. When the gardenia was in bloom, its strong smell drifted into the house. I think it was probably about six feet tall, but that was a long time ago, and I was small so it might not have been that tall. Fairly frequently in those days we had winters cold enough to kill it back to the ground.

When we were looking for plants for our house, Leah and I chose some gardenias. We planted two dwarf and one variegated gardenia right beside the driveway in what we call our island. The dwarf gardenias have grown well and usually have a lot of flowers. The variegated gardenia was grown reasonably well, but has only had a handful of blooms. We like it mainly for its green and yellow leaves. The gardenias have been there for nearly nine years, and never suffered any cold damage, or at least none to speak of, but this winter has been different. The variegated gardenia is completely brown.

Variegated gardenia

Variegated gardenia. The leaves should be yellow and green

The dwarf gardenias suffered less cold damage, but they are pretty ugly right now.

Dwarf gardenias, pruned back

Dwarf gardenias, pruned back

I pruned back some of the worst parts of the dwarf gardenias, but I was afraid to cut any of the variegated variety. I think the dwarf gardenias will come back OK, but I’m not sure at all about the variegated gardenia. Its branches are still green, but it has no foliage at all now. If it doesn’t sprout new leaves this spring, I may have to cut it back drastically, assuming it even survives.

I don’t know exactly what our lowest temperature has been this winter, but it has been at least in the lower teens or upper single digits. Rome’s official lowest temperature for this winter was 0F.

Some of our plants didn’t have enough foliage to worry about cold damage. The deer made sure of that. These plants (I don’t remember what the one in the foreground is, but there is a variegated privet bush behind it, and one more like it behind that, as well as a couple of puny azaleas) are evergreens and a couple of months ago were entirely covered with green foliage. The deer have stripped all of them.

deerfood

The taller shrub in the left center background is a loropetalum. It is essentially all brown now, as are two large loropetalums at the side of the house. The deer apparently don’t like loropetalum.

I have seen the culprits several time around the house and in our neighbors’ yards. Zeke has noticed them, too. I imagine that if Zeke lived outside, he would have kept the deer away.

So with cold and deer, most of our shrubs are in a pretty pitiful state. At least the daffodils will be blooming soon.

daffodils

The crocuses have already bloomed, so at least we’ll have some color other than brown for the last month of winter.

crocus

Question answered

Wayne identified the dead trees I mentioned in my post yesterday as eastern red cedar (juniperus virginiana). Once I read his comment, I realized I should have been able to figure that out. As I said, it didn’t occur to me because there are no large cedars nearby. There is, however, a large cedar about a hundred yards up the street that I have noticed on many occasions. Here it is.

mature_cedar

Here is a closer view of the tree’s bark. If you compare it to the wood in the wheelbarrow from yesterday’s post, you can see the similarity.

cedar bark

Next to it is a dead cedar that looks amazingly like the ones on our property.

dead cedar

Although there are no large cedars nearby (assuming 100 yards is not nearby), there are several young cedars, like this one I can see every time I walk out onto our driveway.

ouryoungcedar

How could that have escaped my notice? That’s Dusty perched in front of the little cedar. Maybe he could have helped with the tree identification.

When I walked the dogs this morning I looked for cedars. I saw two or three small ones, about the size of the one by our driveway, but no large cedars. The woods are wide open this time of year, so I am pretty sure I would have been able to identify a cedar if I had seen one in the woods.There must be other mature cedars around the mountain, but the one up the street is the only one I can specifically remember. I remember this one in particular because I don’t remember seeing any others.

I know where baby cedars come from, but I don’t really understand why the nearest mature cedar is so far from our young ones, and especially so far from the two or three I saw on our walk. Squirrels? Birds?

I went down Wildlife Trail later in the afternoon and looked up into our property. There are more dead cedars lying on the ground than I realized. I wonder how they died. Are cedars more susceptible to low-level fires than pines? If the fire that charred our loblolly and short-leaf pines also killed the cedars, it must have happened longer ago than I thought. I am going to have to assume that I can’t accurately estimate the timing of these events.

This also makes me wonder about what the forest looked like in the past. It’s mixed oak, hickory and pine now. I don’t think much if any of the mountain is virgin forest, and there are some large areas that have been cleared in recent decades. But based on the size of some of the trees along the road and not far from our property, much of the forest has been undisturbed for quite some time, especially on the steeper slopes. I’m guessing that logging ended in the early 1900’s, or possibly even in the late 1800’s (but we know how unreliable my time estimates are). The longleaf pines down Wildlife Trail give some evidence that in the more distant past there were larger stands of longleaf. I wonder how the cedars fit into this picture.